Funerals:In the Light of Quran and Sunnah
This Article briefly describes the rituals of Funeral in the light Quran and Sahih Ahadith.
Contents:
a)Al-Istirjaa.
b)Crying For Mercy at time of Death is Halal.
c)Words at The Time of Dying.
d)Speaking Good Words.
e)Reciting Surah Yaaseen.
f)Facing the Qiblah.
g)Acceptance of Fate.
h)Between Fear and Hope.
i)The Death Wish.
When the news of death in the family reaches the relatives and friends, the first thing that they should say is the following Qur'anic verse
Allah Says,''Who, when disaster strikes them, say,"Inna lil-laahi wa innaa ilayhi raaji'oon [Truly! To Allâh we belong and truly, to Him we shall return.]".(Al-Quran 2:156)
Comment:-This du'aa is known in arabic as al-Istirjaa.
1-The Prophet(Peace be upon him) shed tears, but did not cry out in a loud voice....
Hadith-1
Sahih Bukhari Volume 002, Book 023, Hadith Number 390.
Narated By Anas bin Malik : We went with Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) to the blacksmith Abu Saif, and he was the husband of the wet-nurse of Ibrahim (the son of the Prophet). Allah's Apostle took Ibrahim and kissed him and smelled him and later we entered Abu Saif's house and at that time Ibrahim was in his last breaths, and the eyes of Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) started shedding tears. 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf said, "O Allah's Apostle, even you are weeping!" He said, "O Ibn 'Auf, this is mercy." Then he wept more and said, "The eyes are shedding tears and the heart is grieved, and we will not say except what pleases our Lord, O Ibrahim ! Indeed we are grieved by your separation."
Hadith-2
Both Aboo Sa'eed al-Khudree and Aboo Hurayrah quoted the Prophet (SAW) as saying "Prompt your dying ones (to say): laa ilaaha il-lal-laah 1 and whoever's last words before dying are: laa ilaaha il-lal-laah, will enter Paradise one day,even if he is afflicted before that by punishment."2
(References:-1-Sahih Muslim,Vol.2,#1996;2-This addition is only found in Saheeh ibn Hibbaan, authenticated in Irwaa al-Ghaleel,vol . 3,pg.150)
Comment;-This statement does not simply mean that we should mention shahadah, but the dying person should be instructed to say the shahadah, as is evident from the Prophet's statement, whoever's last words are: "laa ilaahha il-lal-laah."Muslims are also encouraged to be present when non-muslims are dying in order to present Islaam to them,in the hope that they will accept Islaam prior to their deaths.
Hadith-3
Sahih Muslim Book 001, Hadith Number 0042.
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) remarked: I bear testimony that there is no god but Allah and I am the messenger of Allah. The man who meets his Lord without harbouring any doubt about these two (truths) would never be kept away from Paradise.
Hadith-4
The Prophet said,"Allah, Most Great and Glorious, will accept his servants repentance until the throes of death begin." [Collected by at-Tirmithee and ibn Maajah and authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah,vol.2,p.418,#3430. See Riyadh-us-Saleheen,vol.1,p.12,#18 for an english translation of this hadeeth]
Hadith-5
Umm Salamah related that the Prophet(SAW) said, "If you are in the presence of a sick or dying person,you should say good things,for verily the angels say"Aameen" to whatever you say." When Umm Salamah asked the Prophet (SAW) what should she say, he replied: "Say: Allaahumma-ghfir lee wa lahu wa a'qibnee minhu'uqbaa hasanah [O Allah forgive him and me, and grant me a good substitute after him.]"
[Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.436, #2002; Sunan Abu Dawud, vol.2.p.887#3109; Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, pp.366-7, #1447 and Mishkat Al-Masabih, vol.1, p337; Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.436, #2002]
The practice of specifically reading the 36th chapter of the Qur'aan, Soorah Yaaseen, in the presence of the dying has no basis in the authentic Sunnah. Neither the Prophet nor his companions did it, or recommended that it be done. However, it does fall under the general heading of "good things"which could be said in the presence of the one who is dying, but it carries with it no special value...
There is an inauthentic hadeeth narrated by Ma'qil and collected in Sunan Abu Dawud, vol.2, p.889#3115, Sunan Ibn-i-Majah,vol.2,p.367#1448. See Also Mishkat Al-Masabih,vol.1,p.338. It is declared inauthentic in Da'eef Sunan Abee Daawood,p316#683. This inauthentic hadeeth incorrectly specifies that Surah Yaaseen should be read for the dying; to believe that doing so has special value is considered bid'ah, a sinful innovation in the religion.
Turning the body of one who is dying so that he or she faces the qiblah [Makkah] has no foundation in the practice of the Prophet(SAW) and his companions. The body should be turned to face Makkah when it is placed in the grave, according to the Prophets instructions. However at the time of dying there were no instructions. Turning the body became a custom after the time of the Prophets companions, but was objected to by the scholars of that time...i.e.Sa'eed ibn al-Musayyib ibn Hazn (634-713CE), from the Madeenite tribe of Makhzoom, was one of the seven leading legal scholars of Madinah. He was known as the most knowledegeable scholar about 'Umar ibn al-Khattaab's legal principles and his rulings. He lived on what he earned from the sale of olive oil and he never accepted grants.(Al-A'laam,vol.3p.155) Collected by Ibn Abee Shaybah in al-Musannaf and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,p.11, nt.15.
Hadith-6
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 70, Number 551:Sahih Muslim,vol.4,p1364,# 6235)
Narrated 'Abdullah: I visited Allah's Apostle while he was suffering from a high fever. I said, "O Allah's Apostle! You have a high fever." He said, "Yes, I have as much fever as two men of you." I said, "Is it because you will have a double reward?" He said, "Yes, it is so. No Muslim is afflicted with any harm, even if it were the prick of a thorn, but that Allah expiates his sins because of that, as a tree sheds its leaves."
comment:-The dying individual is obliged to accept his lot gracefully so that it becomes a source of reward and blessing for him on the Day of Judgement. The Prophet (SAW) taught that patiently bearing the trials of this life is an act of righteousness which expiates sins.
Allah Says,''Say: "O 'Ibâdî (My slaves) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not of the Mercy of Allâh, verily Allâh forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.(The Noble Qur'an- az-Zumar39:53)
Allah Says,''Verily, Allâh forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with Allâh in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin.(The Noble Qur'an - 4:48, see also 4:116)
Hadith-7
Anas (RA) said that he heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) say: “ALLAH the Exalted said:“O son of Adam, so long as you call upon Me,and ask of Me, I shall forgive you for what you have done, and I shall not mind. O son of Adam, were your sins to reach the clouds of the sky and were you then to ask forgiveness of Me, I would forgive you. O son of Adam were you to come to me with sins nearly as great as the earth, and were you then to face me, ascribing no partner to Me, I would bring you forgiveness nearly as great as it (earth).’
(Al-Tirmidhi, Book 45, Hadith number 3540)
Hadith-8
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 70, Number 575;Muslim,vol.4,p1411,#6480 & 6485
Narrated Anas bin Malik:The Prophet said, "None of you should wish for death because of a calamity befalling him; but if he has to wish for death, he should say: "O Allah! Keep me alive as long as life is better for me, and let me die if death is better for me.' "
Allaahumma ahyinee maa kaanatil-hayaatu khayran lee [O Allah keep me alive as long as living is best for me] wa tawaffanee ithaa kaanatil-wafaatu khayran lee[and take my life if death is better for me].
Dying individuals may have in their possession certain items belonging to others. If that is the case,they should return them as soon as they are able to do so, in order to avoid having to pay them back from their good deeds on the Day of Judgement.
Hadith-9
The Prophet(SAW) was reported to have said, "There are two types of debt: whoever dies intending to repay it, I will be responsible for it,and whoever dies with no intention to repay it, will have it taken from his good deeds.There will not be any deenaars or dirhams on that Day. [Collected by at-Tabaranee and authenticated in Ahkaamul janaa'iz,p.5]
Hadith-10
Abdullaah ibn'Umar related that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, "It is not right for a muslim who has something to bequeath to pass two nights without having it in writing in his possession... Reported by ibn'Umar and recorded in all of the six major books of hadeeth...
(Sahih Al-Bhukari ,vol.4, p1#1 ;Sahih Muslim,vol.3, Hadith#3987;Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2, Hadith#2856)
Comment:-According to Islaamic law, wealth obtained by waseeyah is not considered inheritance, but a gift. Under this law muslims may leave a portion of their wealth to non-muslim relatives and a muslim may also receive a portion in a will from a non-muslim relative, because it is considered a gift. Otherwise
Hadith-11
"A muslim must not inherit from a disbeliever, nor should a disbeliever inherit from a muslim." [Sahih Al-Bukhari ,vol.8, p.498, #756/Sahih Muslim,vol.3,p.852,# 3928]
Hadith-12
Sahih Muslim,vol.2 Hadith#2003
Umm Salamah said, "Allah's Messenger (sallallahu aleihi wa sallam) came in and found Aboo Salamah's eyes staring. He closed them and said, verily when the soul is snatched, the eyes follow it." Some people from his family began to scream, so he said, "Only pray for good for yourselves, for verily the angels say 'Aameen [So-be-it]' to whatever you say,"
He then prayed, saying:
Allaahummagh-fir li Abee Salamah warfa' darajatahoo filmahdeeyeen,
[O Allaah, forgive Aboo Salamah and raise his level among the rightly guided,]
wakhlufhu fee 'aqibihee filghaabireen.
[and let his remaining offspring be like him.]
waghfir lanaa walahoo yaa Rabbal-Aalameen
[Forgive us and forgive him,O Lord of all the worlds]
wafsah lahoo fee qabrihee wa nawwir lahoo feeh.
[and expand his grave and illuminate it for him.]
A sheet of cloth large enough to cover the whole body of the deceased should be drawn over the whole body.
It is not permissable for muslims to delay the burial in order for the maximum number of relatives to see the deceased, as is common practice among other communities. Once death is evident, the body should be prepared and taken out of the house for prayer and burial as soon as possible. In this way,contact with the dead body is minimized, which keeps the grief and hurt of seeing the dead down to a minimum.
Hadith-13
Abu Hurayrah related that the Prophet said "Hasten the funeral rites" [Collected in all six major books of hadeeth. See: Sahih Al-Bukhari vol.2,p.225, #401; Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p448,#2059; Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2,pp897-8,#.3153; Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, p.383, #1477; Mishkat Al-Masabih,vol.1, p338]
The dead should be buried in the same area where they died. Transporting the body to another area or another country is not permissable if it will unnecessarily delay the burial or cause financial or other hardship.
All outstanding debts of the dead person should be repaid from the wealth that he or she left behind, even if it consumes all of the inheritance. If the dead person is without wealth or the inheritance was not sufficient to cover all of his or her debts, the Islamic state will be responsible to repay the remainder, if the dead person had made serious efforts to pay it.
Those present at the individual's death or those who come to see the dead person for the last time are allowed to uncover theface and kiss it.Kissing the face of the dead is considered a part of the Sunnah of the Prophet(SAW) and his companions. [Sunan Abu Dawud vol.2,p.898,# 3157, Sunan Ibn-i-Majah vol.2,p.371 #1456]
Those present and the relatives of the deceased are allowed to cry for a maximum period of three (3) days.
Hadith-14
Abdullah ibn Ja'far narrated that the Prophet (SAW) delayed coming to visit Ja'far's family 'for three days after his death',then he came to them and said, "Do not cry for my brother after today." [Dawud,vol.3,p.1165,#4180]
Relatives of the deceased are obliged to be patient, practice self restraint, and gracefully accept Allah's decree,because Allah has already promised mankind that He would test them.
Allah Says,"Verily I will test you with fear and hunger, and loss of wealth, life, and the fruit (of your labor), so give glad tidings to the patient ones."(The Noble Qur'an 2:155)
Among the glad tidings for those who are patient when loved ones are lost is that a home is prepared for them in Paradise.
Hadith-15
Saheeh Sunan at-Tirmithee,vol.1,pp.298-9, #814
"If a child of [Allah's] slave dies, Allah will say to His angels: You took My slaves child, they will reply: Yes, He will then say: You took the love of his life, and they will reply: Yes, He will then ask: What did My slave say? and they will reply: He praised you and said, surely, we belong to Allah and to Him we will return.' Allah will then say: Build a house in Paradise for My slave and call it the House of Praise."
Women are required to avoid all forms of beautification as a sign of mourning for their husbands, children or relatives. This does not contradict the recommendations for patience, as long as the mourning does not exceed three days for her child or relative and four months and ten days for her husband.
Hadith-16
Umm 'Ateeyah said, "We were forbidden to mourn for more than three days for a dead person, except for a husband, in which case a woman should mourn for four months and ten days [during this period] we were not allowed to wear khol on our eyes, nor perfume ourselves, nor wear colored clothes, except 'asab cloth. It was permissable for us at the time of bathing at the end of menses to use a small amount of incense."(Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.7, Hadith# 254 and Sahih Muslim, vol.2, Hadith#3552)
Hadith-17
Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet said,"There are two practices found among people, both of which indicate disbelief: ridiculing the ancestry (of others) and wailing over the dead." [Muslim, vol.1, p.44, #128]
Hadith-18
"Verily the dead are punished in thir graves by the wailing of their family over them." [Bukhari, vol.2, p.213, #379; Muslim, vol.2, p.439, #2015]
Hadith-19
The Prophet said, "The deceased who is wailed over is tortured for that wailing." [Bukhari 2.378, Narrated Al Mughira, r.a.]
Hadith-20
The Prophet said, "He who slaps the cheeks, tears the clothes and follows the tradition of the Days of Ignorance is not from us." [Bukhari 2.385, Narrated Abdullah, r.a.]
Hadith-21
Ibn Mas'ood reported that the Prophet said, "Whoever slaps his face,tears his clothes,or invites(others)to an un-islamic slogan is not of us." [Collected by Al-Bukhari,Muslim, Ibn Maajah and al-Bayhaqee; Bukhari, vol.2, p.216, #385; Sahih Muslim,vol.1,p.59,#184]
In Islam women are required to shun various forms of beautification in order to avoid attracting other men during their period of mourning,since contracting marriage during this time is forbidden. However,shaving the head and dishevelling the hair is prohibited,as these acts go beyond normal bounds and are associated with pre-islamic concepts. [Bukhari,vol.2,p.215,#383; Muslim,vol.1,p.59,nos.186-7]
Hadith-22
If someone died, Huthayfah ibn al-Yamaan used to say, "Do not proclaim his death to anyone,for fear that it may be a death announcement and I heard Allah's Messenger forbid death announcement with my own two ears." [at-Tirmithee and Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2,p.382,#1476,and authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah, vol.1, p.248, #1203]
Comment:-However,a calmly expressed general announcement is allowed,based on the Prophet's practice.
Imaam ash-Shaafi'ee said, "I dislike gatherings, even if there is no wailing or crying. For it only renews the [family's feelings of] sorrow and puts burdens on their food supplies." [Al-Umm,vol.1,p.248, quoted in Ahkaamu;-Janaa'iz,p.167 Al-Majmoo', vol.5, p.306, quoted in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.167]
The obligation placed on the family of the dead person to prepare food for gatherings is incorrect, based on the previously mentioned statement of the Prophets (SAW) companion, al-Bajalee. Furthermore, it contradicts theProphet's (SAW) explicit instructions to relatives, friends and neighbors is to send food to the bereaved family. [Bukhari, vol.7, p.401, #593; Muslim,vol.4,p.1202,#5491. Collected by at-Tirmithee,Aboo Daawood and ibn Maajah(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.2, p.455, #1610) and authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah,vol.1,p.268,#1306]
It was the practice of the Prophet to have his family prepare food for the relatives of the dead.People later elaborated on this practice until it became an exaggerated ritual with much pomp and show. Later scholars considered its distorted form an innovation and abandoned it. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah,vol.2,p.455,#1610]
Hadith-23
Anas quote the Prophet(SAW) as saying, "For any muslim who dies and four of his close neighbors testify that they have known him to be good, Allah-the Blessed, the Highest-will say, 'I have accepted your testimony and forgiven him for what you do not know about.' [Collected by Ahmad and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, pp.45-6]
Hadith-24
There should be no delay in preparing the body, i.e.washing ,shrouding, and burial of the deceased, supported by the Prophets instruction, "Hasten the funeral rites." [Collected in all six(6) books of Hadith.See Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.255,#401]
Ahle Hadith-25
Fard Kifaayah (Collective Obligation) - Washing the body prior to shrouding and the burial is obligatory, according to numerous recorded instructions given by the Prophet(SAW). [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.194, #344]
Comment:-Males Wash Males - As a general rule, males should take the responsibility of washing males,and females should wash females. The only exception to the rule is in the case mahrams, such as of husband and wife, or small children.
Hadith-26
Aboo Hurayah reported that the Prophet (SAW)said,"Whoever washes the dead should take a ghusl,and whoever carries the corpse should make wudoo. [Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2,p.898,#3155.]
The body should be laid out, stripped of its garments and its joints loosened, if possible. A cloth should be placed over the private parts, between the navel and the knees so that the washers do not look at the pubic area of the dead person.The stomach should be pressed to expel any remaining impurities.
A rag or cloth should be used to wash the body and the washing should begin with the places on the right side of the body washed during wudoo.
After completeing the wudoo,the woman's hair should be undone if it was braided and the hair thoroughly washed.Then the rest of the body should be washed ,turning the body on it's side so as to complete the right side before washing the left.
The body should be washed a minimum of three times and the water should have some cleaning agent in it, like soap or disinfectant. The final washing should have some perfume in it, such as camphor or the like.
The body should then be dried and the hair combed out. In the case of women the hair should be plaited into three braids,one from the front and two from the sides and placed behind her head.
Exceptions: The Pilgrim... In the case of a person who dies in a state of ihraam, perfume should not be used in washing his or her body.
In the case of the martyr (shaheed), his or her body should not be washed at all but be buried as it is.
Shrouding the body is obligatory, based on the commands of the Prophet(SAW) to do so. The body should be shrouded immediately after it is washed and dried.
The shroud or its cost should be taken from the wealth left behind of the deceased if there is enough money to purchase garments which can cover all the body.
The shroud should be sufficient to cover the whole body, if not, those preparing the body should supply a proper shroud.
If the number of dead is great or the cloth used for shrouding is insufficient for all the bodies, more than one body may be wrapped in the same shroud at a time.
The number of sheets used to wrap the body may be as few as one sheet. It could also be two sheets. The preferable number is generally considered to be three sheets, based on the fact that the Prophet(SAW) was shrouded in three. However, since the use of one or two sheets were suggested and approved by the Prophet(SAW)himself, the companions choice of three sheets cannot be considered more preferable than two or one. There is no differance between the man and woman in the number of sheets used. The Prophet(SAW) did not specify a particular number for women and another for men, as is commonly held among muslims today.
The preferable color is white. It is also recommended that the cloth or at least one of the sheets be striped.
It is recommended that the shroud be perfumed with incense thrice, except in the case of the muhrim, as was previously mentioned.
Spending large sums of money on the shroud the way non-muslims compete with each other in buying the most expensive coffins, is strictly forbidden in Islam.The sheets should be ordinary cloth, preferably cotton and not synthetics, so that it decomposes quickly along with the body, and the number of sheets should not exceed three.
Following The Bier - To follow a muslims bier is among the obligatory rights due to every muslim from all muslims who witness his or her funeral procession.
Method of following The Bier - There are two basic ways of following the bier. Both ways were done by the Prophet(SAW), but he favored the second method by indicating that it's reward was greater.
Following it from the family's home until the funeral prayer is made for the deceased.
Following it from the family's home until the body has been buried.
The participation of Women - The virtue of following the bier is basically for men alone. Women are not encouraged to take part based on the fact that the Prophet (SAW) prohibited their participation.
The Dirge - Following the bier with wailing, chants, dirges, burning incense etc.,are all forbidden and considered bidah (religious innovations). The way of the Prophet (SAW) and his companions wasto maintain silence while walking with the bier.
Haste in carrying the Bier - The pallbeares are required to walk quickly from the deceased house to the masjid, and from the masjid to the graveyard.
Hadith-27
Muwatta Hadith 16.58 - Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abu Hurayra said, "Make your funerals speedy, for it is only good that you are advancing him towards, or evil that you are taking off your necks."
10-Standing For The Bier - In the early days of Islam, the Prophet(SAW) used to stand when the bier passed by, but later he abolished the practice.
The performance of salaatul-janaazah(the funeral prayer) is considered fard (obligatory) kifaayah. If someone is buried without it being performed, the whole community is held responsible, but as long as some gather and perform it, the obligation is removed from the community as a whole.
A child born dead or aborted after the fourth month,or one that dies before reaching puberty, does not have to have a funeral prayer because the Prophet(SAW)did not do so for his own son.
A child aborted before the fourth month, if the child was stillborn before the fourth month,there is no funeral prayer for it, since it was not considered living in the human sense that it has a soul which may be prayed for. This ruling is based on the hadith related by ibn Mas'ood,in which the Prophet(SAW)was quoted as saying,
Hadith-28
"Verily the creation of each one of you comes together in his mother's stomach for forty days, then he becomes a leech-like clot for a similar period, then he becomes a clump of flesh for a similar period,then an angel is sent to him and the angel blows his soul into him." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.8,p.387,#593,and Sahih Muslim ,vol.4,p.1391,# 6390]
The Martyr (Shaheed) - Salaatal-Janaazah is not required for one who dies or is killed while fighting for the cause of Islam. Such an individual can be buried without salaatal-janaazah. However, the funeral prayer may be made for martyrs, since the Prophet(SAW) did perform salaatal-janaazah for those who died in battle on other occasions.
Hadith-29
The Corrupt - The funeral prayer should be held even for those who were known to be corrupt, like alcoholics,drug addicts, adulterers, and those who abandoned prayer and zakat, while aknowledging that they are compulsory duties. However it is preferable that the scholars and the pious do not join in the funeral prayer for them as a punishment for them and deterrent for others like them. It was the practice of the Prophet (SAW) not to pray for those who committed major sins, although he did allow others to do so. [Muslim, vol.2, p.464, #2133]
Hadith-30
Debtors - In the beginning ,the Prophet(SAW) refused to lead the funeral prayer for those who died leaving behind debts and no means to pay them. This was done to emphasize the importance of clearing one's debts from the charity (sadaqah) which he received. [Muslim, vol.3,.855, #3944]
Hadith-31
Burial without Salaah - It is allowable to perform the funeral prayer by the grave of someone who was buried without having salaatul-janaazah performed for him. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.192, #339, p.228, #407, Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.453,# 2084]
Hadith-32
Salaatul-Ghaa'ib - If someone dies in a country or situation where there is no one to perform the salaatal-janaazah for him,it is permitted for a group of muslims to make a funeral prayer for him in his absence.This prayer is known as salaatul-ghaa'ib. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.191# 337]
Hadith-33
"Never pray for any of them who die, and do not stand by their graves, for verily they have disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died in sin. [Surah at-Tawbah(9):84; Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2,pp.201-2,#359; Sahih Muslim,vol.4,pp.1456-7,# 6680; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.6,p.158,#197]
In Congregation - Salaatul-janaazah, like the five daily compulsary prayers,must be performed in congregation.This was the only way that the Prophet (SAW) and his companions did it. The Prophet (SAW) was also reported to have said,"Pray as you saw me pray." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.1,p.345,# 604]
The only exception to this rule was in the case of the funeral prayer for the Prophet(SAW), in which the Prophets(SAW) companions seem to have all prayed seperately due to the uniqeness of the situation and their state of confusion at the time. [Al-Bidaayah wa an-Nihaayah, vol.5, pp.304-5]
Hadith-35
"Any muslim who dies and three rows of muslims make salah for him, will be forgiven." [Ahkaamul-Janaaiz, p.99, with support of the following Hadith: Dawud, vol.2, p.899, #3160]
Hadith-36
The Imaam - The ameer or his assistant has more right to lead the funeral prayer than the deceased's walee. If neither the ameer nor his representative is present, the one who has the most knowledge of Al-Qur'an should lead the funeral prayer, even if he is a child. Knowledge is not just memorization, but that which benefits. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,pp.100-01; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.5,pp.413-4,# 595]
Hadith-37
A Number of Dead - If there are a number of dead people, a single salaatul-janaazah can be made for all of them. However if there are males and females,the female bodies are placed in front of the imaam and the males behind the imaam even if they are young children. [Collected by an-Nasaa'ee(1:280),al-Bayhaqee(4:33) and ad-Daaraqutnee(194),and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,p.103]
Hadith-38
Inside the Masjid - The common practice today of holding the funeral prayer inside the masjid is based on the occasional practice of the Prophet (SAW). [See Sahih Muslim ,vol.2,pp.460-1,# 2124]
Hadith-39
Outside the Masjid - It is however, preferable to have a place (musallaa) set aside for the funeral prayer outside the masjid, as this was the usual practice of the Prophet(SAW). [See Sahih Bukhari, vol.2,p.191, #337, Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.452,#2077]
It is forbidden for salaatul-janaazah to be said for the dead between the graves, according to the following hadeeth narrated by Anas ibn Maalik,in which he said:
Hadith-40
"The Prophet(SAW)forbade the performance of the salaah for the dead in between the graves." [Collected by at-Tabaraanee and authenticated in ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.108, #72]
Hadith-41
Position of The Imaam - The imaam should stand, facing the qiblah, behind the head of the dead man and behind the middle of the dead woman. [Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2,pp.907-8,# 3188 authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood,vol.2,p.615,# 2735]
Hadith-42
Four Takbeers: - Abu Hurayrah related that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) announced the Najaashee's death on the same day which he died and went out with them to a place designated for large congregational prayers.He arranged them in rows and pronounced four takbeers during the funeral prayer. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.227,# 404; Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.452,#2077]
Hadith-43
Five Takbeers: Abdur-Rahmaan ibn Abee Laylaa said,"Zayd ibn Arqam used to make four takbeers on our dead,but once he made five ,so we asked him about it. He replied,"Allah's Messenger(SAW) used to do it." [Sahih Muslim,vol.2,pp.453-4,# 2089]
Hadith-44
Six Takbeers: Abd Khayr said Alee ibn Abee Taalib used to make six takbeers [when he led funeral prayers] on those who took part in the Battle of Badr, five takbeers on the [rest of the] Prophet's companions, and four takbeers on all the rest of the people. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and ad-Daaraqutnee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.113]
Hadith-45
Seven Takbeers: Musaa, the son of Abdullaah ibn Yazeed, said that Alee ibn Abee Taalib made the funeral prayer using seven takbeers for Aboo Qataadah, who was among those who took part in the Battle of badr. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, pp.113-4]
Hadith-46
Nine Takbeers: Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr reported that the Prophet(SAW) made the funeral prayer for Hamzah using nine takbeers. [Collected by at-Tahaawee and at-Tabaraanee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.114]
Hadith-47
Raising the Hands - It is permissable to either raise one's hands with each takbeer,or to do so only for the first takbeer. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.228,chapter 55]
Hadith-48
Placing the Hands - The right hand should be placed on the left on the chest, as in regular prayer, since there are no authentic hadeeths to indicate otherwise. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.1. pp.396-7, #707]
Hadith-49
Recitation - Immediately after the first takbeer,the chapter al-Faatihah should be read,as recorded in authentic hadeeths.The only thing which should be read prior to the Faatihah is the "Refuge" and the "basmalah." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.236,#419; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.1,p.397,# 710; Sahih Muslim,vol.1,p.219,#786]
Hadith-50
Prayer for the Prophet (SAW) - Immediately after the second takbeer, the prayer for the Prophet (SAW) should be made according to one of the various patterns used in regular salaah. [Saheeh Sunan an-Nasaa'ee,vol.2,p.428,# 1880; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.4,p.385,# 589]
Hadith-51
Du'aa for the Dead - After each of the remaining two or more takbeers, sincere prayers should be made for the dead,their relatives and the living. Nothing from the Qur'an should be recited following these remaining takbeers. [Daawood, vol.2, pp.616-7, #2740]
Hadith-52
Tasleem - There are two ways by which the closing greetings of the funeral prayer may be given [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and at-Tabaraanee, authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.127, # 83]:
either by tasleeming to the right side only, as in Abu Hurayrah's hadeeth;
or by saying; tasleem to both sides, as in Ibn Mas'ood's hadeeth;
There are three times in the day when salaatul-janaazah or any other salaah is strictly forbidden except in the case of an emergency. These are the times during which the sun worshippers used to perform their rites of worship.Thus ,these became forbidden times in order to avoid any resemblance to them and to prevent non-muslims from thinking that muslims might also be worshipping the sun.
Uqbah ibn Amir said, "There are three times in which the Messenger of Allah(SAW) used to forbid us from making salaah or burying our dead:When the sun is rising until [the disc of the sun] is clearly above the horizon.When the sun reaches the middle of the sky until it declines.
Hadith-53
When the sun is setting until it [completely] disappears." [Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.395,# 1811 & p.906 # 3186]
Injunctions Regarding Burial:Burying Everyone - Muslims are obliged to bury everyone who dies in areas under their jurisdiction.
Muslims Buried Seperately - Muslims should not be buried beside non-muslims, nor non-muslims beside muslims; each should have their own seperate graveyard.
Hadith-54
Burial in the Graveyard - It was the Prophet's (SAW) Sunnah to bury the dead in the graveyard of Madinah, known as al-Baqee. [Sahih Al-Hadith Bukharii,vol.2,p.156,# 280]
Hadith-55
Depth of the Grave - The grave should be dug deep and wide, and be well-prepared. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, p.425, #1560]
Hadith-56
Shape of the Grave - The grave may be dug straight down (shaqq) with a burial chamber in the middle or with a niche (lahd) to create the burial chamber on the side. However, in both cases, a burial chamber is created from the earth, and sealed with bricks of unbaked clay. Both methods were practiced in the time of the Prophet(SAW). However, the Prophet(SAW) favored the lahd style. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, p.423, #1557]
Hadith-57
Number of Bodies in a grave - Two or more bodies may be buried in the same grave.This may be due to the large number of dead resulting from a natural calamity or plague,or dead may be from the same family. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.239, #427]
Men and Not Women - It is preferable that only men should be responsible for placing the dead body inside the grave, even if the dead person is a woman. This is due to the fact that it has been the custom among muslims from the time of the Prophet(SAW) until today. The process requires a certain amount of strength, and men are generally stronger than women.
Near Relatives - The blood relatives of the dead have more right to place the body in the grave,based on the general meaning of the following Qur'anic verse:
Allah Says,"Blood relatives have more right to one another in Allah's scripture."- Chapter al-Anfaal(8):75
Hadith-58
The Husband is permitted to place his wife in the grave on condition that he did not have sexual relations with his wife the previous night. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.238, #426]
25-Feet First - It is preferable that the body be placed in the niche feet first. This was the recorded way of the Prophet(SAW).
Hadith-59
Ibn'Umar said,"Whenever the Prophet(SAW)placed a dead person in his grave,he would say,"In the name of Allah,and according to the way(Sunnah)of the Messenger of Allah. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, pp.419-20, #1150 authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah,vol.1,p.259,#1260]
Throwing Dirt on the Grave - It is recommended for those near the grave to throw three double-handfuls of dirt into the grave after the burial chamber has been sealed.
28-After Burial
Raising the grave - It is that the earth of the grave be slightly raised, no more than a palm's width, so as to be higher than the surrounding ground. This is in order that it be easily distinguishable and not disrespected. In time the raised portion will naturally shrink as the earth settles.
Marking the Grave - Placing a stone or something similar, without inscriptions, to identify the location of the grave is also from the Sunnah, the marker will help people later locate the grave in order to bury other family members in the same vicinity.
Hadith-60
Structures over Graves - The building of any kind of structures over graves is strictly prohibited. [Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.459, #2116]
Du'aa - On the completion of the burial,it is recommended that those present at the grave-site offer prayers on behalf of the deceased. [authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood, vol.2, p.620, #2758]
Hadith-61
The prayers of other muslims on behalf of the dead will benefit the dead,by the permission of Allah. "The prayer of a muslim for his muslim brother in his absence will be answered. As long as he prays for the good of his brother,there is an angel assigned near his head who says:Amen,and may the same be for you." [Sahih Muslim,vol.4,p.1429,#6590]
Fasting - Fasts missed by dead persons may be done on their behalf by their close relatives.The fasts may be from Ramadan or from oaths(nathar).
Hadith-62
Aishah quoted Allah's Messenger(SAW) as saying ,"Whoever died owing fasts,his guardian should fast on his behalf." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.3,p.99,#173 and Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.556,# 2553]
Hadith-63
Planting Twigs on Graves - It is not permissable to plant any flowers or twigs on the grave. The placing of wreaths and flowers is a non-muslim ritual. The companions of the Prophet(SAW)and the early generation of muslim scholars did not practice this ritual. It is however, authentically narrated that the Prophet(SAW)did, on one single occasion, stick a palm leaf in a grave. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2.pp.249-50,# 443 and Sahih Muslim,vol.1,pp.171-2,# 575]
Hadith-64
Annual Visits to Graves - Visiting graves on the anniversary of a person's death,or at the time of special annual festivals of the deceased is forbidden. Also, setting out on journeys to visit graves was specifically forbidden by the Prophet (SAW). This practice forms the basis of idolatrous pilgrimages in other religions. [Sahih Al-Umar Bukharii,vol.1,p.157,#281,Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.699,#3218]
Recitation of Qur'aan - There is no basis for the recitation of Qur'aan in the graveyard. Neither the Faatihah (first chapter) nor any other chapter of the Qur'aan should be read near the graves.
Visiting Non-Muslim Graves - Although participation in the funeral rites of non-muslims is not permitted,muslims are allowed to visit the graves of disbelievers for reflection.However,praying for those who die in a state of disbelief is totally prohibited.
Whether you (O Muhammad SAW) ask forgiveness for them (hypocrites) or ask not forgiveness for them … (and even) if you ask seventy times for their forgiveness … Allâh will not forgive them, because they have disbelieved in Allâh and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW). And Allâh guides not those people who are Fâsiqûn (rebellious, disobedient to Allâh). [The Noble Qur'an 9:80]
And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave. Certainly they disbelieved in Allâh and His Messenger, and died while they were Fâsiqûn (rebellious, - disobedient to Allâh and His Messenger ). [The Noble Qur'an 9:84]
Hadith-65
Prophet Muhammad was prevented by Allah from praying for his own mother at her funeral, because she and his father had died as polytheists. [Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.463,#2130]
Hadith-66
The Charity Of Children - Parents will benefit from whatever righteous deeds their children do,without decreasing the reward of their children's good deeds.A righteous child is considered to be part of the parent's earnings. [Sunan Abu Dawud, vol.2, p.1002, #3521. Sahih Muslim,vol.3,p.866,#4002 and Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.266,#470]
Hadith-67
Visiting graves is recommended in Islaam in order to help the living reflect on the shortness of this life and the closeness of the next. [See Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.463, #2131]
The recommendation to visit graves is general and includes women, just as the earlier prohibition included them without any special mention. Furthermore, women share in the benefits of visiting the graves.
Hadith-68
When the Prophet(SAW)found a woman crying in the graveyard, he did not chase her out of the graveyard, but told her not to cry. Anas ibn Maalik related that once the Prophet (SAW) passed by a woman crying beside a grave and said to her, "Fear Allah and be patient." [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.208, #372; Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.439, #2013]
After mentioning this hadith under the heading Visiting Graves, Ibn Hajar said: The [scholars] disagreed regarding women [visiting graves]. The majority held that they are included in the general permission for visiting graves [if there is no danger of corruption]. The ruling permitting women to visit graves is supported by hadith. The source of evidence in the hadith is the fact that he(SAW) did not censure the woman for sitting beside the grave, and whatever he approves is proof [of it's permissibility]. [Fat-hul-Baaree, vol.4, p.244]
However, frequent visitation of graves by women is not permissable. Hassaan ibn Thaabit narrated that allah's Messenger (SAW) cursed women who frequently visit graves.
Perhaps the reason for not frequenting the graves is the possible negative results of such visits like:
The loss of some of their husband's rights due to their frequent absences from the home,
The unnecessary public exposure of women,
Increased depression leading to wailing and other forbidden expressions of grief.
Insha'Allah, there is punishment to the deceased when you speak ill off them at the time of the funeral. This does not mean that the deceased person hears you speaking ill or well of them.
Hadith-69
Sahih Bukhari 2.449, Narrated Abu Al Aswad, r.a.
I came to Medina when an epidemic had broken out. While I was sitting with 'Umar bin Al-Khattab a funeral procession passed by and the people praised the deceased. 'Umar said, "It has been affirmed to him." And another funeral procession passed by and the people praised the deceased. 'Umar said, "It has been affirmed to him." A third (funeral procession) passed by and the people spoke badly of the deceased. He said, "It has been affirmed to him." I (Abu Al-Aswad) asked, "O chief of the believers! What has been affirmed?" He replied, "I said the same as the Prophet had said, that is: if four persons testify the piety of a Muslim, Allah will grant him Paradise." We asked, "If three persons testify his piety?" He (the Prophet) replied, "Even three." Then we asked, "If two?" He replied, "Even two." We did not ask him regarding one witness.
Hadith-70
Sahih Bukhari 2.448, Narrated Anas bin Malik, r.a.
A funeral procession passed and the people praised the deceased. The Prophet saaws said, "It has been affirmed to him." Then another funeral procession passed and the people spoke badly of the deceased. The Prophet said, "It has been affirmed to him". 'Umar bin Al-Khattab asked (Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) ), "What has been affirmed?" He replied, "You praised this, so Paradise has been affirmed to him; and you spoke badly of this, so Hell has been affirmed to him. You people are Allah's witnesses on earth."
Quoted in Nayl al-Awtaar,vol.4, pp.134-5
Note:- The above Article has been taken from http://muttaqun.com/funerals.html
c)Words at The Time of Dying.
d)Speaking Good Words.
e)Reciting Surah Yaaseen.
f)Facing the Qiblah.
g)Acceptance of Fate.
h)Between Fear and Hope.
i)The Death Wish.
a)Al-Istirjaa
Allah Says,''Who, when disaster strikes them, say,"Inna lil-laahi wa innaa ilayhi raaji'oon [Truly! To Allâh we belong and truly, to Him we shall return.]".(Al-Quran 2:156)
Comment:-This du'aa is known in arabic as al-Istirjaa.
b)Crying For Mercy at time of Death is Halal.
Hadith-1
Sahih Bukhari Volume 002, Book 023, Hadith Number 390.
Narated By Anas bin Malik : We went with Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) to the blacksmith Abu Saif, and he was the husband of the wet-nurse of Ibrahim (the son of the Prophet). Allah's Apostle took Ibrahim and kissed him and smelled him and later we entered Abu Saif's house and at that time Ibrahim was in his last breaths, and the eyes of Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) started shedding tears. 'Abdur Rahman bin 'Auf said, "O Allah's Apostle, even you are weeping!" He said, "O Ibn 'Auf, this is mercy." Then he wept more and said, "The eyes are shedding tears and the heart is grieved, and we will not say except what pleases our Lord, O Ibrahim ! Indeed we are grieved by your separation."
c)Words at The Time of Dying
Both Aboo Sa'eed al-Khudree and Aboo Hurayrah quoted the Prophet (SAW) as saying "Prompt your dying ones (to say): laa ilaaha il-lal-laah 1 and whoever's last words before dying are: laa ilaaha il-lal-laah, will enter Paradise one day,even if he is afflicted before that by punishment."2
(References:-1-Sahih Muslim,Vol.2,#1996;2-This addition is only found in Saheeh ibn Hibbaan, authenticated in Irwaa al-Ghaleel,vol . 3,pg.150)
Comment;-This statement does not simply mean that we should mention shahadah, but the dying person should be instructed to say the shahadah, as is evident from the Prophet's statement, whoever's last words are: "laa ilaahha il-lal-laah."Muslims are also encouraged to be present when non-muslims are dying in order to present Islaam to them,in the hope that they will accept Islaam prior to their deaths.
Hadith-3
Sahih Muslim Book 001, Hadith Number 0042.
The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) remarked: I bear testimony that there is no god but Allah and I am the messenger of Allah. The man who meets his Lord without harbouring any doubt about these two (truths) would never be kept away from Paradise.
Hadith-4
The Prophet said,"Allah, Most Great and Glorious, will accept his servants repentance until the throes of death begin." [Collected by at-Tirmithee and ibn Maajah and authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah,vol.2,p.418,#3430. See Riyadh-us-Saleheen,vol.1,p.12,#18 for an english translation of this hadeeth]
d)Speaking Good Words
Umm Salamah related that the Prophet(SAW) said, "If you are in the presence of a sick or dying person,you should say good things,for verily the angels say"Aameen" to whatever you say." When Umm Salamah asked the Prophet (SAW) what should she say, he replied: "Say: Allaahumma-ghfir lee wa lahu wa a'qibnee minhu'uqbaa hasanah [O Allah forgive him and me, and grant me a good substitute after him.]"
[Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.436, #2002; Sunan Abu Dawud, vol.2.p.887#3109; Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, pp.366-7, #1447 and Mishkat Al-Masabih, vol.1, p337; Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.436, #2002]
e)Reciting Surah Yaaseen
The practice of specifically reading the 36th chapter of the Qur'aan, Soorah Yaaseen, in the presence of the dying has no basis in the authentic Sunnah. Neither the Prophet nor his companions did it, or recommended that it be done. However, it does fall under the general heading of "good things"which could be said in the presence of the one who is dying, but it carries with it no special value...
There is an inauthentic hadeeth narrated by Ma'qil and collected in Sunan Abu Dawud, vol.2, p.889#3115, Sunan Ibn-i-Majah,vol.2,p.367#1448. See Also Mishkat Al-Masabih,vol.1,p.338. It is declared inauthentic in Da'eef Sunan Abee Daawood,p316#683. This inauthentic hadeeth incorrectly specifies that Surah Yaaseen should be read for the dying; to believe that doing so has special value is considered bid'ah, a sinful innovation in the religion.
f)Facing the Qiblah.
Turning the body of one who is dying so that he or she faces the qiblah [Makkah] has no foundation in the practice of the Prophet(SAW) and his companions. The body should be turned to face Makkah when it is placed in the grave, according to the Prophets instructions. However at the time of dying there were no instructions. Turning the body became a custom after the time of the Prophets companions, but was objected to by the scholars of that time...i.e.Sa'eed ibn al-Musayyib ibn Hazn (634-713CE), from the Madeenite tribe of Makhzoom, was one of the seven leading legal scholars of Madinah. He was known as the most knowledegeable scholar about 'Umar ibn al-Khattaab's legal principles and his rulings. He lived on what he earned from the sale of olive oil and he never accepted grants.(Al-A'laam,vol.3p.155) Collected by Ibn Abee Shaybah in al-Musannaf and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,p.11, nt.15.
g)Acceptance of Fate.
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 70, Number 551:Sahih Muslim,vol.4,p1364,# 6235)
Narrated 'Abdullah: I visited Allah's Apostle while he was suffering from a high fever. I said, "O Allah's Apostle! You have a high fever." He said, "Yes, I have as much fever as two men of you." I said, "Is it because you will have a double reward?" He said, "Yes, it is so. No Muslim is afflicted with any harm, even if it were the prick of a thorn, but that Allah expiates his sins because of that, as a tree sheds its leaves."
comment:-The dying individual is obliged to accept his lot gracefully so that it becomes a source of reward and blessing for him on the Day of Judgement. The Prophet (SAW) taught that patiently bearing the trials of this life is an act of righteousness which expiates sins.
h)Between Fear and Hope.
Allah Says,''Say: "O 'Ibâdî (My slaves) who have transgressed against themselves (by committing evil deeds and sins)! Despair not of the Mercy of Allâh, verily Allâh forgives all sins. Truly, He is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.(The Noble Qur'an- az-Zumar39:53)
Allah Says,''Verily, Allâh forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with Allâh in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin.(The Noble Qur'an - 4:48, see also 4:116)
Hadith-7
Anas (RA) said that he heard the Prophet (peace be upon him) say: “ALLAH the Exalted said:“O son of Adam, so long as you call upon Me,and ask of Me, I shall forgive you for what you have done, and I shall not mind. O son of Adam, were your sins to reach the clouds of the sky and were you then to ask forgiveness of Me, I would forgive you. O son of Adam were you to come to me with sins nearly as great as the earth, and were you then to face me, ascribing no partner to Me, I would bring you forgiveness nearly as great as it (earth).’
(Al-Tirmidhi, Book 45, Hadith number 3540)
i)The Death Wish
Hadith-8
Sahih Bukhari Volume 7, Book 70, Number 575;Muslim,vol.4,p1411,#6480 & 6485
Narrated Anas bin Malik:The Prophet said, "None of you should wish for death because of a calamity befalling him; but if he has to wish for death, he should say: "O Allah! Keep me alive as long as life is better for me, and let me die if death is better for me.' "
Allaahumma ahyinee maa kaanatil-hayaatu khayran lee [O Allah keep me alive as long as living is best for me] wa tawaffanee ithaa kaanatil-wafaatu khayran lee[and take my life if death is better for me].
j)Debts
Hadith-9
The Prophet(SAW) was reported to have said, "There are two types of debt: whoever dies intending to repay it, I will be responsible for it,and whoever dies with no intention to repay it, will have it taken from his good deeds.There will not be any deenaars or dirhams on that Day. [Collected by at-Tabaranee and authenticated in Ahkaamul janaa'iz,p.5]
k)Waseeyah (Will)
Hadith-10
Abdullaah ibn'Umar related that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, "It is not right for a muslim who has something to bequeath to pass two nights without having it in writing in his possession... Reported by ibn'Umar and recorded in all of the six major books of hadeeth...
(Sahih Al-Bhukari ,vol.4, p1#1 ;Sahih Muslim,vol.3, Hadith#3987;Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2, Hadith#2856)
Comment:-According to Islaamic law, wealth obtained by waseeyah is not considered inheritance, but a gift. Under this law muslims may leave a portion of their wealth to non-muslim relatives and a muslim may also receive a portion in a will from a non-muslim relative, because it is considered a gift. Otherwise
Hadith-11
"A muslim must not inherit from a disbeliever, nor should a disbeliever inherit from a muslim." [Sahih Al-Bukhari ,vol.8, p.498, #756/Sahih Muslim,vol.3,p.852,# 3928]
l)After Death
1-Closing the eyes and du'aa (supplication)
The eyes of the dead person should be closed and some prayers should be made for him, based on the following hadeeth of Umm Salamah (r.a.);Hadith-12
Sahih Muslim,vol.2 Hadith#2003
Umm Salamah said, "Allah's Messenger (sallallahu aleihi wa sallam) came in and found Aboo Salamah's eyes staring. He closed them and said, verily when the soul is snatched, the eyes follow it." Some people from his family began to scream, so he said, "Only pray for good for yourselves, for verily the angels say 'Aameen [So-be-it]' to whatever you say,"
He then prayed, saying:
Allaahummagh-fir li Abee Salamah warfa' darajatahoo filmahdeeyeen,
[O Allaah, forgive Aboo Salamah and raise his level among the rightly guided,]
wakhlufhu fee 'aqibihee filghaabireen.
[and let his remaining offspring be like him.]
waghfir lanaa walahoo yaa Rabbal-Aalameen
[Forgive us and forgive him,O Lord of all the worlds]
wafsah lahoo fee qabrihee wa nawwir lahoo feeh.
[and expand his grave and illuminate it for him.]
2-Covering the body
A sheet of cloth large enough to cover the whole body of the deceased should be drawn over the whole body.
3-Hastening the burial
It is not permissable for muslims to delay the burial in order for the maximum number of relatives to see the deceased, as is common practice among other communities. Once death is evident, the body should be prepared and taken out of the house for prayer and burial as soon as possible. In this way,contact with the dead body is minimized, which keeps the grief and hurt of seeing the dead down to a minimum.
Hadith-13
Abu Hurayrah related that the Prophet said "Hasten the funeral rites" [Collected in all six major books of hadeeth. See: Sahih Al-Bukhari vol.2,p.225, #401; Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p448,#2059; Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2,pp897-8,#.3153; Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, p.383, #1477; Mishkat Al-Masabih,vol.1, p338]
4-Locating the burial
The dead should be buried in the same area where they died. Transporting the body to another area or another country is not permissable if it will unnecessarily delay the burial or cause financial or other hardship.
5-Paying off debts of deceased
All outstanding debts of the dead person should be repaid from the wealth that he or she left behind, even if it consumes all of the inheritance. If the dead person is without wealth or the inheritance was not sufficient to cover all of his or her debts, the Islamic state will be responsible to repay the remainder, if the dead person had made serious efforts to pay it.
m)Permissable Actions by Those Present
1-Uncovering the face and kissing it
Those present at the individual's death or those who come to see the dead person for the last time are allowed to uncover theface and kiss it.Kissing the face of the dead is considered a part of the Sunnah of the Prophet(SAW) and his companions. [Sunan Abu Dawud vol.2,p.898,# 3157, Sunan Ibn-i-Majah vol.2,p.371 #1456]
2-Crying
Those present and the relatives of the deceased are allowed to cry for a maximum period of three (3) days.
Hadith-14
Abdullah ibn Ja'far narrated that the Prophet (SAW) delayed coming to visit Ja'far's family 'for three days after his death',then he came to them and said, "Do not cry for my brother after today." [Dawud,vol.3,p.1165,#4180]
3-Patience
Relatives of the deceased are obliged to be patient, practice self restraint, and gracefully accept Allah's decree,because Allah has already promised mankind that He would test them.
Allah Says,"Verily I will test you with fear and hunger, and loss of wealth, life, and the fruit (of your labor), so give glad tidings to the patient ones."(The Noble Qur'an 2:155)
Among the glad tidings for those who are patient when loved ones are lost is that a home is prepared for them in Paradise.
Hadith-15
Saheeh Sunan at-Tirmithee,vol.1,pp.298-9, #814
"If a child of [Allah's] slave dies, Allah will say to His angels: You took My slaves child, they will reply: Yes, He will then say: You took the love of his life, and they will reply: Yes, He will then ask: What did My slave say? and they will reply: He praised you and said, surely, we belong to Allah and to Him we will return.' Allah will then say: Build a house in Paradise for My slave and call it the House of Praise."
n)Al-Hidaad (Mourning)
Women are required to avoid all forms of beautification as a sign of mourning for their husbands, children or relatives. This does not contradict the recommendations for patience, as long as the mourning does not exceed three days for her child or relative and four months and ten days for her husband.
Hadith-16
Umm 'Ateeyah said, "We were forbidden to mourn for more than three days for a dead person, except for a husband, in which case a woman should mourn for four months and ten days [during this period] we were not allowed to wear khol on our eyes, nor perfume ourselves, nor wear colored clothes, except 'asab cloth. It was permissable for us at the time of bathing at the end of menses to use a small amount of incense."(Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.7, Hadith# 254 and Sahih Muslim, vol.2, Hadith#3552)
o)Forbidden Actions by Those Present
1-Wailing
Hadith-17
Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet said,"There are two practices found among people, both of which indicate disbelief: ridiculing the ancestry (of others) and wailing over the dead." [Muslim, vol.1, p.44, #128]
Hadith-18
"Verily the dead are punished in thir graves by the wailing of their family over them." [Bukhari, vol.2, p.213, #379; Muslim, vol.2, p.439, #2015]
Hadith-19
The Prophet said, "The deceased who is wailed over is tortured for that wailing." [Bukhari 2.378, Narrated Al Mughira, r.a.]
Hadith-20
The Prophet said, "He who slaps the cheeks, tears the clothes and follows the tradition of the Days of Ignorance is not from us." [Bukhari 2.385, Narrated Abdullah, r.a.]
2-Striking Cheeks and Tearing of Clothes
Hadith-21
Ibn Mas'ood reported that the Prophet said, "Whoever slaps his face,tears his clothes,or invites(others)to an un-islamic slogan is not of us." [Collected by Al-Bukhari,Muslim, Ibn Maajah and al-Bayhaqee; Bukhari, vol.2, p.216, #385; Sahih Muslim,vol.1,p.59,#184]
3-Shaving the Head or Dishevelling the Hair
In Islam women are required to shun various forms of beautification in order to avoid attracting other men during their period of mourning,since contracting marriage during this time is forbidden. However,shaving the head and dishevelling the hair is prohibited,as these acts go beyond normal bounds and are associated with pre-islamic concepts. [Bukhari,vol.2,p.215,#383; Muslim,vol.1,p.59,nos.186-7]
4-Announcing someone's death
Hadith-22
If someone died, Huthayfah ibn al-Yamaan used to say, "Do not proclaim his death to anyone,for fear that it may be a death announcement and I heard Allah's Messenger forbid death announcement with my own two ears." [at-Tirmithee and Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2,p.382,#1476,and authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah, vol.1, p.248, #1203]
Comment:-However,a calmly expressed general announcement is allowed,based on the Prophet's practice.
5-Gathering to give condolences
Imaam ash-Shaafi'ee said, "I dislike gatherings, even if there is no wailing or crying. For it only renews the [family's feelings of] sorrow and puts burdens on their food supplies." [Al-Umm,vol.1,p.248, quoted in Ahkaamu;-Janaa'iz,p.167 Al-Majmoo', vol.5, p.306, quoted in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.167]
6-Preparing food by the family of the deceased
The obligation placed on the family of the dead person to prepare food for gatherings is incorrect, based on the previously mentioned statement of the Prophets (SAW) companion, al-Bajalee. Furthermore, it contradicts theProphet's (SAW) explicit instructions to relatives, friends and neighbors is to send food to the bereaved family. [Bukhari, vol.7, p.401, #593; Muslim,vol.4,p.1202,#5491. Collected by at-Tirmithee,Aboo Daawood and ibn Maajah(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.2, p.455, #1610) and authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah,vol.1,p.268,#1306]
p)Recommended Actions by Those Present
1-Preparing food for the family of the deceased
It was the practice of the Prophet to have his family prepare food for the relatives of the dead.People later elaborated on this practice until it became an exaggerated ritual with much pomp and show. Later scholars considered its distorted form an innovation and abandoned it. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah,vol.2,p.455,#1610]
2-Testifying Good of the Dead
Hadith-23
Anas quote the Prophet(SAW) as saying, "For any muslim who dies and four of his close neighbors testify that they have known him to be good, Allah-the Blessed, the Highest-will say, 'I have accepted your testimony and forgiven him for what you do not know about.' [Collected by Ahmad and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, pp.45-6]
3-Preparing the Body
Hadith-24
There should be no delay in preparing the body, i.e.washing ,shrouding, and burial of the deceased, supported by the Prophets instruction, "Hasten the funeral rites." [Collected in all six(6) books of Hadith.See Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.255,#401]
4-Injunctions concerning washing
Ahle Hadith-25
Fard Kifaayah (Collective Obligation) - Washing the body prior to shrouding and the burial is obligatory, according to numerous recorded instructions given by the Prophet(SAW). [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.194, #344]
Comment:-Males Wash Males - As a general rule, males should take the responsibility of washing males,and females should wash females. The only exception to the rule is in the case mahrams, such as of husband and wife, or small children.
Hadith-26
Aboo Hurayah reported that the Prophet (SAW)said,"Whoever washes the dead should take a ghusl,and whoever carries the corpse should make wudoo. [Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2,p.898,#3155.]
5-Method of washing
The body should be laid out, stripped of its garments and its joints loosened, if possible. A cloth should be placed over the private parts, between the navel and the knees so that the washers do not look at the pubic area of the dead person.The stomach should be pressed to expel any remaining impurities.
A rag or cloth should be used to wash the body and the washing should begin with the places on the right side of the body washed during wudoo.
After completeing the wudoo,the woman's hair should be undone if it was braided and the hair thoroughly washed.Then the rest of the body should be washed ,turning the body on it's side so as to complete the right side before washing the left.
The body should be washed a minimum of three times and the water should have some cleaning agent in it, like soap or disinfectant. The final washing should have some perfume in it, such as camphor or the like.
The body should then be dried and the hair combed out. In the case of women the hair should be plaited into three braids,one from the front and two from the sides and placed behind her head.
Exceptions: The Pilgrim... In the case of a person who dies in a state of ihraam, perfume should not be used in washing his or her body.
6-The Martyr
In the case of the martyr (shaheed), his or her body should not be washed at all but be buried as it is.
7-Injunctions concerning the shroud
Shrouding the body is obligatory, based on the commands of the Prophet(SAW) to do so. The body should be shrouded immediately after it is washed and dried.
The shroud or its cost should be taken from the wealth left behind of the deceased if there is enough money to purchase garments which can cover all the body.
The shroud should be sufficient to cover the whole body, if not, those preparing the body should supply a proper shroud.
If the number of dead is great or the cloth used for shrouding is insufficient for all the bodies, more than one body may be wrapped in the same shroud at a time.
The number of sheets used to wrap the body may be as few as one sheet. It could also be two sheets. The preferable number is generally considered to be three sheets, based on the fact that the Prophet(SAW) was shrouded in three. However, since the use of one or two sheets were suggested and approved by the Prophet(SAW)himself, the companions choice of three sheets cannot be considered more preferable than two or one. There is no differance between the man and woman in the number of sheets used. The Prophet(SAW) did not specify a particular number for women and another for men, as is commonly held among muslims today.
The preferable color is white. It is also recommended that the cloth or at least one of the sheets be striped.
It is recommended that the shroud be perfumed with incense thrice, except in the case of the muhrim, as was previously mentioned.
Spending large sums of money on the shroud the way non-muslims compete with each other in buying the most expensive coffins, is strictly forbidden in Islam.The sheets should be ordinary cloth, preferably cotton and not synthetics, so that it decomposes quickly along with the body, and the number of sheets should not exceed three.
8-Injunctions concerning the funeral procession
Following The Bier - To follow a muslims bier is among the obligatory rights due to every muslim from all muslims who witness his or her funeral procession.
Method of following The Bier - There are two basic ways of following the bier. Both ways were done by the Prophet(SAW), but he favored the second method by indicating that it's reward was greater.
Following it from the family's home until the funeral prayer is made for the deceased.
Following it from the family's home until the body has been buried.
The participation of Women - The virtue of following the bier is basically for men alone. Women are not encouraged to take part based on the fact that the Prophet (SAW) prohibited their participation.
The Dirge - Following the bier with wailing, chants, dirges, burning incense etc.,are all forbidden and considered bidah (religious innovations). The way of the Prophet (SAW) and his companions wasto maintain silence while walking with the bier.
Haste in carrying the Bier - The pallbeares are required to walk quickly from the deceased house to the masjid, and from the masjid to the graveyard.
Hadith-27
Muwatta Hadith 16.58 - Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abu Hurayra said, "Make your funerals speedy, for it is only good that you are advancing him towards, or evil that you are taking off your necks."
9-Accompanying The Bier - Those walking with the bier are allowed to walk in front, behind, or on either side of it, while those riding should be behind it.
10-Standing For The Bier - In the early days of Islam, the Prophet(SAW) used to stand when the bier passed by, but later he abolished the practice.
11-Transporting The Bier - Transportation of the bier in a funeral coach or vehicle (hearse) according to the traditions of non-muslims is forbidden.Carts which could have been used to transport the dead existed in the Prophets (SAW) time, but he instructed his followers to walk and carry the bier with their own hands. The Prophet (SAW) explicitly instructed his followers on numerous occasions to differ in their religious and social customs from non-muslims.
9-The Funeral Prayer
12-Exceptions: Children Below the Age of Puberty
A child born dead or aborted after the fourth month,or one that dies before reaching puberty, does not have to have a funeral prayer because the Prophet(SAW)did not do so for his own son.
A child aborted before the fourth month, if the child was stillborn before the fourth month,there is no funeral prayer for it, since it was not considered living in the human sense that it has a soul which may be prayed for. This ruling is based on the hadith related by ibn Mas'ood,in which the Prophet(SAW)was quoted as saying,
Hadith-28
"Verily the creation of each one of you comes together in his mother's stomach for forty days, then he becomes a leech-like clot for a similar period, then he becomes a clump of flesh for a similar period,then an angel is sent to him and the angel blows his soul into him." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.8,p.387,#593,and Sahih Muslim ,vol.4,p.1391,# 6390]
13-Salaatal-Janaazah
The Martyr (Shaheed) - Salaatal-Janaazah is not required for one who dies or is killed while fighting for the cause of Islam. Such an individual can be buried without salaatal-janaazah. However, the funeral prayer may be made for martyrs, since the Prophet(SAW) did perform salaatal-janaazah for those who died in battle on other occasions.
14-An Executed Criminal - One who voluntarily confesses to a crime whose punishment is death should be prayed for,since such a confession is an unparalleled form of true repentance.
Hadith-29
The Corrupt - The funeral prayer should be held even for those who were known to be corrupt, like alcoholics,drug addicts, adulterers, and those who abandoned prayer and zakat, while aknowledging that they are compulsory duties. However it is preferable that the scholars and the pious do not join in the funeral prayer for them as a punishment for them and deterrent for others like them. It was the practice of the Prophet (SAW) not to pray for those who committed major sins, although he did allow others to do so. [Muslim, vol.2, p.464, #2133]
Hadith-30
Debtors - In the beginning ,the Prophet(SAW) refused to lead the funeral prayer for those who died leaving behind debts and no means to pay them. This was done to emphasize the importance of clearing one's debts from the charity (sadaqah) which he received. [Muslim, vol.3,.855, #3944]
Hadith-31
Burial without Salaah - It is allowable to perform the funeral prayer by the grave of someone who was buried without having salaatul-janaazah performed for him. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.192, #339, p.228, #407, Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.453,# 2084]
Hadith-32
Salaatul-Ghaa'ib - If someone dies in a country or situation where there is no one to perform the salaatal-janaazah for him,it is permitted for a group of muslims to make a funeral prayer for him in his absence.This prayer is known as salaatul-ghaa'ib. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.191# 337]
15-Disbelievers - The performance of funeral prayers or even seeking forgiveness or mercy for those who die in open disbelief or nifaaq (subtle disbelief) is strictly forbidden,based on the following instruction of Allah in the Qur'an:
Hadith-33
"Never pray for any of them who die, and do not stand by their graves, for verily they have disbelieved in Allah and His Messenger and died in sin. [Surah at-Tawbah(9):84; Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2,pp.201-2,#359; Sahih Muslim,vol.4,pp.1456-7,# 6680; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.6,p.158,#197]
16-The Jamaa'ah (Congregation):
Hadith-34In Congregation - Salaatul-janaazah, like the five daily compulsary prayers,must be performed in congregation.This was the only way that the Prophet (SAW) and his companions did it. The Prophet (SAW) was also reported to have said,"Pray as you saw me pray." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.1,p.345,# 604]
The only exception to this rule was in the case of the funeral prayer for the Prophet(SAW), in which the Prophets(SAW) companions seem to have all prayed seperately due to the uniqeness of the situation and their state of confusion at the time. [Al-Bidaayah wa an-Nihaayah, vol.5, pp.304-5]
17-Three Rows - It is preferable that those behind the imaam form at least three rows, as this was the Sunnah when the number of worshippers was insufficient to fill the masjid.
Hadith-35
"Any muslim who dies and three rows of muslims make salah for him, will be forgiven." [Ahkaamul-Janaaiz, p.99, with support of the following Hadith: Dawud, vol.2, p.899, #3160]
18-Two Men - If there is only one man besides the imaam, he should pray behind the imaam and not beside him as he would in the case of all other salaahs. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee,al-Haakim, and at-Tabaraanee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,p.100]
Hadith-36
The Imaam - The ameer or his assistant has more right to lead the funeral prayer than the deceased's walee. If neither the ameer nor his representative is present, the one who has the most knowledge of Al-Qur'an should lead the funeral prayer, even if he is a child. Knowledge is not just memorization, but that which benefits. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,pp.100-01; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.5,pp.413-4,# 595]
Hadith-37
A Number of Dead - If there are a number of dead people, a single salaatul-janaazah can be made for all of them. However if there are males and females,the female bodies are placed in front of the imaam and the males behind the imaam even if they are young children. [Collected by an-Nasaa'ee(1:280),al-Bayhaqee(4:33) and ad-Daaraqutnee(194),and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz,p.103]
19-Location of Prayer:
Hadith-38
Inside the Masjid - The common practice today of holding the funeral prayer inside the masjid is based on the occasional practice of the Prophet (SAW). [See Sahih Muslim ,vol.2,pp.460-1,# 2124]
Hadith-39
Outside the Masjid - It is however, preferable to have a place (musallaa) set aside for the funeral prayer outside the masjid, as this was the usual practice of the Prophet(SAW). [See Sahih Bukhari, vol.2,p.191, #337, Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.452,#2077]
20-Between the Graves
It is forbidden for salaatul-janaazah to be said for the dead between the graves, according to the following hadeeth narrated by Anas ibn Maalik,in which he said:
Hadith-40
"The Prophet(SAW)forbade the performance of the salaah for the dead in between the graves." [Collected by at-Tabaraanee and authenticated in ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.108, #72]
21-The Method Of Prayer:
Hadith-41
Position of The Imaam - The imaam should stand, facing the qiblah, behind the head of the dead man and behind the middle of the dead woman. [Sunan Abu Dawud,vol.2,pp.907-8,# 3188 authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood,vol.2,p.615,# 2735]
21-Number of Takbeers - It is possible to do either four, five, six, seven or nine takbeers, as all of them are recorded in authentic hadeeths and acts of the Prophets companions.
Hadith-42
Four Takbeers: - Abu Hurayrah related that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) announced the Najaashee's death on the same day which he died and went out with them to a place designated for large congregational prayers.He arranged them in rows and pronounced four takbeers during the funeral prayer. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.227,# 404; Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.452,#2077]
Hadith-43
Five Takbeers: Abdur-Rahmaan ibn Abee Laylaa said,"Zayd ibn Arqam used to make four takbeers on our dead,but once he made five ,so we asked him about it. He replied,"Allah's Messenger(SAW) used to do it." [Sahih Muslim,vol.2,pp.453-4,# 2089]
Hadith-44
Six Takbeers: Abd Khayr said Alee ibn Abee Taalib used to make six takbeers [when he led funeral prayers] on those who took part in the Battle of Badr, five takbeers on the [rest of the] Prophet's companions, and four takbeers on all the rest of the people. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and ad-Daaraqutnee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.113]
Hadith-45
Seven Takbeers: Musaa, the son of Abdullaah ibn Yazeed, said that Alee ibn Abee Taalib made the funeral prayer using seven takbeers for Aboo Qataadah, who was among those who took part in the Battle of badr. [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, pp.113-4]
Hadith-46
Nine Takbeers: Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr reported that the Prophet(SAW) made the funeral prayer for Hamzah using nine takbeers. [Collected by at-Tahaawee and at-Tabaraanee and authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.114]
Hadith-47
Raising the Hands - It is permissable to either raise one's hands with each takbeer,or to do so only for the first takbeer. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.228,chapter 55]
Hadith-48
Placing the Hands - The right hand should be placed on the left on the chest, as in regular prayer, since there are no authentic hadeeths to indicate otherwise. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.1. pp.396-7, #707]
Hadith-49
Recitation - Immediately after the first takbeer,the chapter al-Faatihah should be read,as recorded in authentic hadeeths.The only thing which should be read prior to the Faatihah is the "Refuge" and the "basmalah." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.236,#419; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.1,p.397,# 710; Sahih Muslim,vol.1,p.219,#786]
Hadith-50
Prayer for the Prophet (SAW) - Immediately after the second takbeer, the prayer for the Prophet (SAW) should be made according to one of the various patterns used in regular salaah. [Saheeh Sunan an-Nasaa'ee,vol.2,p.428,# 1880; Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.4,p.385,# 589]
Hadith-51
Du'aa for the Dead - After each of the remaining two or more takbeers, sincere prayers should be made for the dead,their relatives and the living. Nothing from the Qur'an should be recited following these remaining takbeers. [Daawood, vol.2, pp.616-7, #2740]
Hadith-52
Tasleem - There are two ways by which the closing greetings of the funeral prayer may be given [Collected by al-Bayhaqee and at-Tabaraanee, authenticated in Ahkaamul-Janaa'iz, p.127, # 83]:
either by tasleeming to the right side only, as in Abu Hurayrah's hadeeth;
or by saying; tasleem to both sides, as in Ibn Mas'ood's hadeeth;
22-Forbidden Times:
There are three times in the day when salaatul-janaazah or any other salaah is strictly forbidden except in the case of an emergency. These are the times during which the sun worshippers used to perform their rites of worship.Thus ,these became forbidden times in order to avoid any resemblance to them and to prevent non-muslims from thinking that muslims might also be worshipping the sun.
Uqbah ibn Amir said, "There are three times in which the Messenger of Allah(SAW) used to forbid us from making salaah or burying our dead:When the sun is rising until [the disc of the sun] is clearly above the horizon.When the sun reaches the middle of the sky until it declines.
Hadith-53
When the sun is setting until it [completely] disappears." [Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.395,# 1811 & p.906 # 3186]
23-The Burial
Injunctions Regarding Burial:Burying Everyone - Muslims are obliged to bury everyone who dies in areas under their jurisdiction.
Muslims Buried Seperately - Muslims should not be buried beside non-muslims, nor non-muslims beside muslims; each should have their own seperate graveyard.
Hadith-54
Burial in the Graveyard - It was the Prophet's (SAW) Sunnah to bury the dead in the graveyard of Madinah, known as al-Baqee. [Sahih Al-Hadith Bukharii,vol.2,p.156,# 280]
Hadith-55
Depth of the Grave - The grave should be dug deep and wide, and be well-prepared. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, p.425, #1560]
Hadith-56
Shape of the Grave - The grave may be dug straight down (shaqq) with a burial chamber in the middle or with a niche (lahd) to create the burial chamber on the side. However, in both cases, a burial chamber is created from the earth, and sealed with bricks of unbaked clay. Both methods were practiced in the time of the Prophet(SAW). However, the Prophet(SAW) favored the lahd style. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, p.423, #1557]
Hadith-57
Number of Bodies in a grave - Two or more bodies may be buried in the same grave.This may be due to the large number of dead resulting from a natural calamity or plague,or dead may be from the same family. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.239, #427]
24-Injunctions Concerning Placing The Body In The Grave:
Men and Not Women - It is preferable that only men should be responsible for placing the dead body inside the grave, even if the dead person is a woman. This is due to the fact that it has been the custom among muslims from the time of the Prophet(SAW) until today. The process requires a certain amount of strength, and men are generally stronger than women.
Near Relatives - The blood relatives of the dead have more right to place the body in the grave,based on the general meaning of the following Qur'anic verse:
Allah Says,"Blood relatives have more right to one another in Allah's scripture."- Chapter al-Anfaal(8):75
Hadith-58
The Husband is permitted to place his wife in the grave on condition that he did not have sexual relations with his wife the previous night. [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.238, #426]
25-Feet First - It is preferable that the body be placed in the niche feet first. This was the recorded way of the Prophet(SAW).
26-On the Right Side - Place the dead body in the grave on its right side with the face of the dead person towards towards the qiblah (makkah).
27-Du'aa - At the time of inserting the body in the grave, those handling the procedure are recommended to make one of the following short prayers:
Ibn'Umar said,"Whenever the Prophet(SAW)placed a dead person in his grave,he would say,"In the name of Allah,and according to the way(Sunnah)of the Messenger of Allah. [Sunan Ibn-i-Majah, vol.2, pp.419-20, #1150 authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah,vol.1,p.259,#1260]
Throwing Dirt on the Grave - It is recommended for those near the grave to throw three double-handfuls of dirt into the grave after the burial chamber has been sealed.
28-After Burial
Raising the grave - It is that the earth of the grave be slightly raised, no more than a palm's width, so as to be higher than the surrounding ground. This is in order that it be easily distinguishable and not disrespected. In time the raised portion will naturally shrink as the earth settles.
Marking the Grave - Placing a stone or something similar, without inscriptions, to identify the location of the grave is also from the Sunnah, the marker will help people later locate the grave in order to bury other family members in the same vicinity.
Hadith-60
Structures over Graves - The building of any kind of structures over graves is strictly prohibited. [Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.459, #2116]
Du'aa - On the completion of the burial,it is recommended that those present at the grave-site offer prayers on behalf of the deceased. [authenticated in Saheeh Sunan Abee Daawood, vol.2, p.620, #2758]
Hadith-61
The prayers of other muslims on behalf of the dead will benefit the dead,by the permission of Allah. "The prayer of a muslim for his muslim brother in his absence will be answered. As long as he prays for the good of his brother,there is an angel assigned near his head who says:Amen,and may the same be for you." [Sahih Muslim,vol.4,p.1429,#6590]
Fasting - Fasts missed by dead persons may be done on their behalf by their close relatives.The fasts may be from Ramadan or from oaths(nathar).
Hadith-62
Aishah quoted Allah's Messenger(SAW) as saying ,"Whoever died owing fasts,his guardian should fast on his behalf." [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.3,p.99,#173 and Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.556,# 2553]
Hadith-63
Planting Twigs on Graves - It is not permissable to plant any flowers or twigs on the grave. The placing of wreaths and flowers is a non-muslim ritual. The companions of the Prophet(SAW)and the early generation of muslim scholars did not practice this ritual. It is however, authentically narrated that the Prophet(SAW)did, on one single occasion, stick a palm leaf in a grave. [Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2.pp.249-50,# 443 and Sahih Muslim,vol.1,pp.171-2,# 575]
Hadith-64
Annual Visits to Graves - Visiting graves on the anniversary of a person's death,or at the time of special annual festivals of the deceased is forbidden. Also, setting out on journeys to visit graves was specifically forbidden by the Prophet (SAW). This practice forms the basis of idolatrous pilgrimages in other religions. [Sahih Al-Umar Bukharii,vol.1,p.157,#281,Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.699,#3218]
Recitation of Qur'aan - There is no basis for the recitation of Qur'aan in the graveyard. Neither the Faatihah (first chapter) nor any other chapter of the Qur'aan should be read near the graves.
Visiting Non-Muslim Graves - Although participation in the funeral rites of non-muslims is not permitted,muslims are allowed to visit the graves of disbelievers for reflection.However,praying for those who die in a state of disbelief is totally prohibited.
Whether you (O Muhammad SAW) ask forgiveness for them (hypocrites) or ask not forgiveness for them … (and even) if you ask seventy times for their forgiveness … Allâh will not forgive them, because they have disbelieved in Allâh and His Messenger (Muhammad SAW). And Allâh guides not those people who are Fâsiqûn (rebellious, disobedient to Allâh). [The Noble Qur'an 9:80]
And never (O Muhammad ) pray (funeral prayer) for any of them (hypocrites) who dies, nor stand at his grave. Certainly they disbelieved in Allâh and His Messenger, and died while they were Fâsiqûn (rebellious, - disobedient to Allâh and His Messenger ). [The Noble Qur'an 9:84]
Hadith-65
Prophet Muhammad was prevented by Allah from praying for his own mother at her funeral, because she and his father had died as polytheists. [Sahih Muslim,vol.2,p.463,#2130]
Hadith-66
The Charity Of Children - Parents will benefit from whatever righteous deeds their children do,without decreasing the reward of their children's good deeds.A righteous child is considered to be part of the parent's earnings. [Sunan Abu Dawud, vol.2, p.1002, #3521. Sahih Muslim,vol.3,p.866,#4002 and Sahih Al-Bukhari,vol.2,p.266,#470]
29-Visiting Graves
Hadith-67
Visiting graves is recommended in Islaam in order to help the living reflect on the shortness of this life and the closeness of the next. [See Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.463, #2131]
30-Women Visiting Graves...
The recommendation to visit graves is general and includes women, just as the earlier prohibition included them without any special mention. Furthermore, women share in the benefits of visiting the graves.
Hadith-68
When the Prophet(SAW)found a woman crying in the graveyard, he did not chase her out of the graveyard, but told her not to cry. Anas ibn Maalik related that once the Prophet (SAW) passed by a woman crying beside a grave and said to her, "Fear Allah and be patient." [Sahih Al-Bukhari, vol.2, p.208, #372; Sahih Muslim, vol.2, p.439, #2013]
After mentioning this hadith under the heading Visiting Graves, Ibn Hajar said: The [scholars] disagreed regarding women [visiting graves]. The majority held that they are included in the general permission for visiting graves [if there is no danger of corruption]. The ruling permitting women to visit graves is supported by hadith. The source of evidence in the hadith is the fact that he(SAW) did not censure the woman for sitting beside the grave, and whatever he approves is proof [of it's permissibility]. [Fat-hul-Baaree, vol.4, p.244]
However, frequent visitation of graves by women is not permissable. Hassaan ibn Thaabit narrated that allah's Messenger (SAW) cursed women who frequently visit graves.
Perhaps the reason for not frequenting the graves is the possible negative results of such visits like:
The loss of some of their husband's rights due to their frequent absences from the home,
The unnecessary public exposure of women,
Increased depression leading to wailing and other forbidden expressions of grief.
31-Speaking about the Deceased
Insha'Allah, there is punishment to the deceased when you speak ill off them at the time of the funeral. This does not mean that the deceased person hears you speaking ill or well of them.
Hadith-69
Sahih Bukhari 2.449, Narrated Abu Al Aswad, r.a.
I came to Medina when an epidemic had broken out. While I was sitting with 'Umar bin Al-Khattab a funeral procession passed by and the people praised the deceased. 'Umar said, "It has been affirmed to him." And another funeral procession passed by and the people praised the deceased. 'Umar said, "It has been affirmed to him." A third (funeral procession) passed by and the people spoke badly of the deceased. He said, "It has been affirmed to him." I (Abu Al-Aswad) asked, "O chief of the believers! What has been affirmed?" He replied, "I said the same as the Prophet had said, that is: if four persons testify the piety of a Muslim, Allah will grant him Paradise." We asked, "If three persons testify his piety?" He (the Prophet) replied, "Even three." Then we asked, "If two?" He replied, "Even two." We did not ask him regarding one witness.
Hadith-70
Sahih Bukhari 2.448, Narrated Anas bin Malik, r.a.
A funeral procession passed and the people praised the deceased. The Prophet saaws said, "It has been affirmed to him." Then another funeral procession passed and the people spoke badly of the deceased. The Prophet said, "It has been affirmed to him". 'Umar bin Al-Khattab asked (Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) ), "What has been affirmed?" He replied, "You praised this, so Paradise has been affirmed to him; and you spoke badly of this, so Hell has been affirmed to him. You people are Allah's witnesses on earth."
Quoted in Nayl al-Awtaar,vol.4, pp.134-5
Note:- The above Article has been taken from http://muttaqun.com/funerals.html
